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Information Signals: If you abandon camp leave clear direction markers to indicate your route. Continue to make them, not only for people to follow but to establish your own route […]

Rag Signals: Tie a flag or a piece of bright – coloured clothing to a pole. Move it left for dashes and right for dots. Exaggerate with a figure of […]

Heliograph: Use the sun and a reflector to flash light signals. Any shiny object will do – polished tin, glass, a piece of foil – but a hand mirror is […]

By day smoke is good locator. Have a supply of smoke-producing material ready to put on your fires. Smoke not only helps rescue aircraft find you, it also shows surface […]

Siting the signals: Take account of the terrain. Choose high points for light signals. Erect an unusual silhouette or a ridge to attract attention. Planes fly over hilly territory from […]

The survival at sea is vulnerable to shark attack. Ocean sharks are not usually ferocious when food is plentiful. Most are cowards and can be scared off by the jab […]

Conserve emergency food supplies until needed. Try to live off sea life. There are dangerous fish, but in the open sea, fish are generally safe to eat. Near the shore […]

How to Signal at Sea ? Use flares, dye markers and movement of any kind to attract attention at sea. If you have no signalling equipment, wave clothing or tarpauliins […]

Survival Afloat: Rafts, boats and dinghies are built to carry a limited number. These numbers should not be exceeded. Place infants and the infirm aboard, and as many able-boclied as […]

Swim slowly and steadily. If abandoning a sinking boat or aircraft get upwind and stay clear of it. Keep away from any fuel slick. If forced to swim through flames, […]

Survival at Sea: Four-Fifths of the Earth’s surface is open water – the most difficult environment in which to survive. Water and wind rapidly chill the body. Alone in cold […]

Crossing with Ropes: You need a loop of rope three times as long as the width of the stream and at least three people in the party- the fittest person […]

Negotiating territory at night can be dangerous, but may be necessary. Because it is difficult to see clearly you are easily disorientated. It is always darker among trees, so keep […]

To make a sledge that is ideal for snow and ice, use doors and cowlings from a crashed vehicle or plane in construction. Tie lines to front runners with a […]

To be caught in bad weather could prove fatal. Before setting out, take note of the weather. Observe wind and pressure changes. Keep a record of the weather, the conditions […]

There are different types of clouds that needs to be read to read the signs. They are Cirrus Clouds, Cirrostratus clouds, Altostratus clouds, Nimbostratus clouds, Stratocumulus clouds, Stratus clouds.

Clouds are the most reliable of weather signs. There are ten main types of cloud formation. Approximate altitudes are given for each type. THe same shapes occur at lower altitutudes […]

Weather is much more localised than climate and there can be marked variations between one small area and the next. A regular pattern of day-night change in wind direction suggests […]

Plants can give an indication of north and south. They tend to grow towards the sun, so flowers and most abundant growth will be to the south in the northern […]

Direction by Watch: a traditional analogue watch with two hands can tell direction, provided it is set to true local time. The nearer the Equator you are, the less accurate […]

Direction Finding: The sun rises the eas and sets in the west, roughly speaking. In the northern hemisphere, at noon, the sun will be due south; in the southern hemisphere […]

There techniques for lashing differ consistent with the position of the segments. THese strategies are significant in making flatboats, safe houses and so on. 

Tie the same number stepping stools as manharness hitches in a rope as you need hand and toeholds. An arrangement of overhand hitches tied at interims in a smooth rope […]